{"id":505,"date":"2023-07-04T11:39:26","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T09:39:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/versdetours.fr\/?page_id=505"},"modified":"2024-04-17T21:49:17","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T19:49:17","slug":"glossaire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/versdetours.fr\/index.php\/glossaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossaire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Humus :<\/strong> L’humus est la couche sup\u00e9rieure du sol<\/a> cr\u00e9\u00e9e, entretenue et modifi\u00e9e par la d\u00e9composition de la mati\u00e8re organique<\/a>, principalement par l’action combin\u00e9e des animaux<\/a>, des bact\u00e9ries<\/a> et des champignons<\/a> du sol. L\u2019humus est une mati\u00e8re souple et a\u00e9r\u00e9e, qui absorbe et retient bien l’eau<\/a>, de pH<\/a> variable selon que la mati\u00e8re organique est li\u00e9e ou non \u00e0 des min\u00e9raux, d’aspect fonc\u00e9 (brun\u00e2tre \u00e0 noir), \u00e0 l\u2019odeur caract\u00e9ristique, variable selon qu’il s’agit d’une des nombreuses formes d’humus forestier<\/a>, de prairie<\/a>, ou de sol cultiv\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’humus se distingue du <\/strong>compost<\/strong><\/a> par son origine naturelle, mais partage avec lui beaucoup de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, notamment sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 retenir l’eau et les <\/strong>nutriments<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La terre v\u00e9g\u00e9tale :<\/strong> La terre v\u00e9g\u00e9tale repr\u00e9sente l’une de ces couches, situ\u00e9e juste en dessous de l’humus. Elle s’\u00e9tend sur une vingtaine de centim\u00e8tres de profondeur. On la trouve dans les jardins, les for\u00eats, la nature. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terreau :<\/strong> Le terreau est un support de culture<\/a> naturel form\u00e9 de terre<\/a> v\u00e9g\u00e9tale enrichie de produits de d\u00e9composition<\/a> (fumier<\/a> et d\u00e9bris de v\u00e9g\u00e9taux d\u00e9compos\u00e9s) qui apportent la mati\u00e8re organique. Il est utilis\u00e9 pour les cultures potag\u00e8res ou horticoles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La tourbe :<\/strong> La tourbe est une mati\u00e8re organique fossile form\u00e9e par accumulation sur de longues p\u00e9riodes de temps de mati\u00e8re organique<\/a> morte, essentiellement des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux<\/a>, dans un milieu satur\u00e9 en eau. La tourbe forme la majeure partie des sols<\/a> des tourbi\u00e8res<\/a>. S\u00e9ch\u00e9e, elle donne un combustible brun \u00e0 noir\u00e2tre qui chauffe moins que le bois et le charbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La tourbe est depuis longtemps utilis\u00e9e dans le domaine agricole, notamment comme substrat pour de l’agriculture in situ, mais aussi extraite pour utilisation ex situ comme fertilisant organique ou substrat horticole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’extraction de la tourbe a \u00e9t\u00e9 l’une des causes de disparition ou d\u00e9gradation de nombreuses zones humides<\/a>, laissant parfois place \u00e0 de vastes \u00e9tangs<\/a> (comme dans le marais audomarois<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle est habituellement compos\u00e9e de sable<\/strong>, d’argile<\/strong>, d’humus<\/strong> et de calcaire<\/strong>. A l’\u00e9tat naturel, elle est travaill\u00e9e par des micro-organismes comme les vers et les champignons. Son aspect est sombre et compact. Elle est riche en nutriments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Engrais (fertilisation) : <\/strong>Les engrais sont des substances organiques<\/a> ou min\u00e9rales<\/a>, souvent utilis\u00e9es en m\u00e9langes, destin\u00e9es \u00e0 apporter aux plantes<\/a> des compl\u00e9ments d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs<\/a>, de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leur croissance, et \u00e0 augmenter le rendement<\/a> et la qualit\u00e9 des cultures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amendement :<\/strong> Un amendement est un produit fertilisant<\/a> min\u00e9ral ou organique apport\u00e9 \u00e0 un sol<\/a> pour am\u00e9liorer sa qualit\u00e9 agricole ; c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques (en particulier la structure<\/a> et la texture<\/a>), les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques (notamment l’ajustement du niveau de nutriments disponibles pour les cultures, de pH<\/a> pour l’acidit\u00e9 ou la basicit\u00e9) et biologiques (par l’apport de mati\u00e8re organique), et de favoriser la r\u00e9tention d’eau<\/a>, la circulation de l’air, l’action des engrais<\/a> (la fonction de ces derniers \u00e9tant d’apporter aux plantes des \u00e9l\u00e9ments directement utiles \u00e0 leur nutrition) et le travail de la terre<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paillage : <\/strong>La terre nue est un \u00e9tat anormal dans la nature. Pour ne pas laisser le sol \u00e0 nu, le jardinier \u00e0 recours au paillage (ou mulch<\/a> \/ mulching<\/a>). Le paillage est une technique qui consiste \u00e0 recouvrir le sol de mat\u00e9riaux organiques, min\u00e9raux ou plastiques pour le nourrir et\/ou le prot\u00e9ger. Ces mat\u00e9riaux sont d\u00e9pos\u00e9s au pied des plantes dans les massifs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Humus : L’humus est la couche sup\u00e9rieure du sol cr\u00e9\u00e9e, entretenue et modifi\u00e9e par la d\u00e9composition de la mati\u00e8re organique, principalement par l’action combin\u00e9e des animaux, des bact\u00e9ries et des champignons du sol. L\u2019humus est une mati\u00e8re souple et a\u00e9r\u00e9e, qui absorbe et retient bien l’eau, de pH variable selon que la mati\u00e8re organique est li\u00e9e ou non \u00e0 des min\u00e9raux, d’aspect fonc\u00e9 (brun\u00e2tre \u00e0 noir), \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-width","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-505","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nGlossaire - 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